End-of-life Decision-making Process Essay - 870 Words

Nurses provide guidance and address the problems in the end-of-life decision-making process. It is the nurse’s role to explain to families and other healthcare professionals when an advance directive would be put to use. An advance directive serves as a guide for clinicians to respect and honor the autonomous decision of the patient when they are in a position to not be able to express their wishes (Roux Halstead, 2009). Nurses could assist in ensuring the patient needs are met along with protecting their rights. The registered nurse act as client advocates in health maintenance and clinical care (Standards of Nursing conduct or practice, 2003). Advocating for patients could bring implications such as conflicts with physician and†¦show more content†¦Physicians could refuse to follow an advance directive on the basis of conscience objections to such care or treatment. Federal law requires that the patient or patient’s power of attorney be provided with wri tten policies at the time of admission to the hospital of any limitations on carrying out decisions, including the range of medical conditions or procedures affected by the conscience objection. However, state laws differ in that it needs to identify legal authority permitting a conscience objection. Ethical considerations that Mr. Y should weigh before agreeing to authorize the use of the ventilator for his brother should be that wishes be respected and followed, consider all the options given to him by the healthcare team, receive guidance to assist in addressing decision with the end goal being honoring his brothers choice when he was still capable of making them. Was Mr. E’s advance directive witnessed by two adults and notarized? Was he capable of signing his own legal document of advance directive and medical power of attorney when it was filled out? Was he able to understand the information on the legal document that was being filled out by the patient advocate with his history of being developmentally delayed? These are a few factors that complicate Mr. E’s advance directive. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mgt/230 - Decision Making Progress653 Words   |  3 PagesDecision-Making Process People should make decisions nearly every day, some of those decisions are easy to make, while others are quite difficult to implement. Appropriately combined and organized decision-making process will help to control this issue and bring positive outcomes for people enrolled in it. In this paper I will provide decision-making process when I had to make a personal decision, such as enrolling in college. People face a wide range of opportunities every day, as well as certainRead MoreImportant Aspects of Communicating with End-of Life Patients and How Nurses Can Facilitate the Process823 Words   |  3 PagesImportant Aspects of Communicating with End-of Life Patients and How Nurses Can Facilitate the Process End of life decision-making is often a very difficult process and one that every person will eventually have to go through at some point in their lives. Although communicating about the advance directives is the typical route most health professionals use, it is not adequate in aiding families in the process of end of life decision-making. While nurses are in an ideal position to help patients andRead MoreEthical, Moral, And Legal Implications Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesTaking a Stand As nursing leaders, we will need to understand how to process and respond to a variety of challenging circumstances. According to Manson (2012), there are four domains of ethical constructs that include codes of professional conduct, ethical principles, law, and personal/moral values (p. 262). As leaders, being prepared with knowledge related to these domains can support decisions. These steps include consideration for the nursing code of ethical conduct, state and federal healthRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1265 Words   |  6 PagesNURS Dr. Karen Parker March, 14, 2015 Assisted Suicide Introduction There are several ethical and legal issues that are raised by the majority concerning the legalization of physician assisted suicide and the role of nurses in the process. Assisted suicide is a legal act of assisting those who are suffering from a deadly illness in ending their lives by providing them the means to do it (Griffith, 2014). Netherland was the first country to legalize physician assisted suicide. In 1994Read MoreImproving End Of Life Care In The Icu. A Literature Review927 Words   |  4 PagesImproving End of Life Care in the ICU A literature review conducted by Crowe (2017) examines the role of ICU nurses in providing high quality end of life care in the ICU. He states that palliative nursing in the ICU is de-emphasized due to an increased focus on curative treatment. Four major themes have been identified that contribute to the poor management of critically ill patients needing palliative support. These themes include decision-making challenges, barriers, obtaining support and formationRead MoreThe Importance Of Transformational Leadership And The Key Skills Used1563 Words   |  7 PagesDecision making essay resit: To support discharge home for end of life care. This essay aims to look at the authors role (a third year student nurse on an elderly ward) in regards to a decision making scenario in which an eighty six year old lady is severely unwell and the decision to support discharge home for end of life care needs to be made. The decision to discharge Barbara home was to be decided upon by the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and therefore this essay will look into how the decisionRead MorePatient Centred Care1290 Words   |  6 Pageskey aspects of patient dignity - making choices and confidentiality. Patient-centred care (PCC) is an extensively used model in the current healthcare system (Pelzang 2010:12). PCC is interpreted as looking at the whole person and considering their individual values and needs in relation to their healthcare. By implementing a PCC approach it ensures that the person is at the very centre of any plans that are made and has a dynamic role in the decision making process (Pelzang 2010:12). Service usersRead MoreEnd of Life1294 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of Life Nursing Donnie Barnes Oklahoma Wesleyan University End of Life Nursing Every life will end in death. It can happen anywhere or anytime along the human lifespan, but it will definitely happen. Death is never an event in life that is encouraged or hope for, however when faced with impending end of life circumstances, it can be faced with dignity and decency. Many people associate end-of-life care with treating physical pain and discomfort. While that is an important part, completeRead MoreParental Decision-Making Essay example1517 Words   |  7 Pagesemancipated, must have the medical consent of their parent or parents before any health care decision can be made (Boonstra Nash, 2000). These laws do not include health sensitive medical care like prescriptions for contraception, abortion of fetus, pregnancy care or drug addiction rehabilitation. Pediatric nurses are in a unique position that serves as the facilitator of patient care and patient care decision-making between the pediatric patient and the patient’s parents. In this position, pediatric nursesRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment1481 Words   |  6 Pagesterminology in 1997 to Conceptual System (Frey et al, 2002). The conceptual system focused on decision making in nursing. It is organized around three systems; Personal Systems which pertain to the individual, Inte rpersonal Systems which pertain to small groups, and Social Systems which pertain to the society as a whole. King saw these three interacting systems as part of the larger decision making process of human beings (Frey et al, 2002). The Theory of Goal Attainment is a middle range theory derived

Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis - 968 Words

Lord of the Flies In William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies, he demonstrates the struggle of being trapped on an island containing no civilization and the attempt to remain safe. As the conflict starts to occur on the island, the battle to stay alive and hope to be rescued becomes more challenging for the boys. Throughout the novel, many symbolic elements become significant and are prominently used to get the reader to interpret things differently and see things in other perspectives. In the Lord of the Flies the conch, the glasses and Jack portray symbolism throughout the novel as there is a strong meaning behind each one of them. The conch is one of the most important symbolic objects in the book, especially since it was†¦show more content†¦Golding clearly thought through the symbolic representation of the conch while writing the novel to ensure that it showed power, structure, and order thoroughly. The next symbolic object that Golding used in the novel was Piggy’s glasses. The glasses were used throughout the whole book in order to catch the sun’s light and start a fire, to create a signal for rescue. The glasses symbolize using the power of technology for potential survival and rescue. â€Å"His specs – use them as burning glasses!† (Goulding 40) This quote demonstrates how the boys suggested on using the glasses, to attract the light to create an indication to any passing helicopters. This then created the feeling of hope between the group on becoming rescued and finally going home. The representation of Piggy’s glasses changed dramatically towards the end of the novel as once they were stolen by Jack’s tribe, it symbolizes the civilization on the island getting out of hand and the new challenges the boys had to face. â€Å"I thought they wanted the conch†¦... They didnt come for the conch. They came for something else.†( Golding 186) After Piggy’s glasses were stolen, power was given to Jack’s tribe as they were then able to start a fire leaving Ralph and his group unable to create the signal fire. Piggy’s glasses had a major impact on the civilization and rescue on the island and withoutShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis766 Words   |  4 PagesLord Of The Flies In William Golding’s â€Å"Lord Of The Flies† Novel, symbolism is a very important element of the book, Many symbols show how the boys on the island are slowly becoming savage and losing their civility. The conch is just a shell, But it does represents much more than that, the conch is power, order, respect and civility and when its broken, It’s the loss of civilization. The conch is first found by Piggy and Ralph when they first get to the beach. Piggy who’s seen one beforeRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis1131 Words   |  5 PagesIn Lord of the Flies (LoF) by William Golding, symbols are used to illustrate Golding’s bleak views of the basic instincts of man. It appears that Golding believes that no matter whom you are or what your life is like, your basic instincts and compulsions are dark, and self-preserving. The majority of this story can be read symbolically whether through the islands structure, the characters if the boys, or the objects occurring within the book. However the symbolism of the conch, the lord of theRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis733 Words   |  3 Pages Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies has symbols throughout the story, each character brings a different point of view. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack take a leading role with all the boys, although they vote Ralph in charge both of the other boys take a leadership position. Goulding uses the boys to show the faults of mankind and the roots of all evil. Four symbols Goulding used in the novel were: Piggy’s glasses, the Conch Shell, The Beast, and Simon’s hiding place. Therefore, the symbols show the trueRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis752 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies, by William Golding, is full of symbolism and allegories. Three important symbols are the conch shell that represents civilization, the fire that represents hope, and the outside world that the boys represent. The conch shell represents civilization, order, and power. For example, in the beginning of the novel, Ralph blows the conch shell, in hopes of attracting other boys that may be on the island; and, soon, other boys do appear. The conch has brought the boys together, andRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis710 Words   |  3 PagesLord of the Flies William Golding’s use of Symbolism for Leadership, Survival, and Intelligence †All nature is a vast symbolism; every material fact has sheathed within a spiritual truth† (Edwin Hubbell Chapin)In life there is a lot of symbolisation especially with nature, everything is one thing but can stand for a totally different objective. Being symbolic happens not only in life but in the book in many ways.In the story there is symbolism on good and bad and each stand for what is neededRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis768 Words   |  4 Pages The Lord of the Flies is a novel that contains multiple symbols that reflect the actions of human nature. Some of these symbols include Piggy and his glasses, the signal fire, the conch shell, and the Lord of the Flies. Each symbol shows a different flaw or mistake the boys encounter throughout the novel. Piggy is one of the main characters in the novel. It is notable that he is also the only character who wears glasses. Because of his ideas and approach to different situations, he is seen as theRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis1291 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding, winner of the 1983 Nobel Prize for Literature, argues in his 1954 book Lord of the Flies that humans are evil in nature. He uses multiple symbols to define what savagery really is and how it can affect even the youngest of society. Some symbols, such as painted faces or a pigs head on a stick are used as shocking narrative tools but are necessary in order to portray these children as ruthless monsters. Golding’s use of painted faces does symbolize that when there is anonymity, humansRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis1020 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the novel Lord of the Flies, there are many characters that show symbolic traits. Jack, Simon, and Piggy are examples of characters that possess symbolic traits. Jack represents a savage humanity. On the other hand, Simon represents the goodness inside of humans and a civilized humanity. The last character that will be discussed, Piggy, represents science and intellect. These three characters will be analyzed throughout this paper. Jack is the main antagonist in Lord of the flies. ThroughoutRead MoreLord Of The Flies Fire Symbolism Analysis947 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, many important symbols are introduced that denounce different meanings of the novel’s purpose. The story, Lord of the Flies takes place on an unknown deserted island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. The boys, stranded on the island, utilize fire in order to survive. After meeting the author announces the character, the forest envelopes in flames and the boys were in grave danger. The fire was also shown to equal community and civilization to signalRead MoreSymbolism Analysis Of Lord Of The Flies By William Golding2013 Words   |  9 Pages Symbolism Analysis of Lord of the Flies â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is a novel written by William Golding which shows the reader dark situations throughout the play of the book. In this novel, boys are completely isolated from civilization and rules. The theme portrays ‘civilization vs savagery’, questioning if civilization fade away without the positive views of rules. Lord of the Flies gives the reader an idea of how humanity’s form can shape throughout different life threatening situations. Golding

Event Management and Planning

Question: How do u think social media are shaping demand for events and the events experience? Use examples to illustrate your argument. Answer: Introduction In this given topic, the need of the effect of social media on event management is to be discussed. In todays world, Social media plays very important role in managing the events. Social media is responsible for global promotion of events within the country and outside the country so that the event gets recognition, and can earn revenue worldwide[1]. Social media has given a platform to all the event managers to promote their events through advertisement campaign with the help of you tube, face book and twitter. Moreover, promotion through social media platform helps the event manager to reduce the promotional costs[2]. They also adopt innovate ways to promote the events by developing and managing blogs and micro blog in twitter. Discussion Social media gives innovative and unique ways to improve the advertising campaign. Social media uses internet to promote the event to and make the information related to the event available to people[3]. It uses various charts, diagram, videos and pictures to represent the event. It use internet as people can interact which each easily through web chatting and other ways. For the managers of event social media has become a important tool to promote their event. It helps to promote the event before, during and after the event also. Social media through internet, advertisement on television, news paper and other sources also offers various discount packages and incentives to the event managers to so that they can promote their event[4]. Internet sources of promoting a event are twitter, face book, instagram and eve ob linkedln. Usually the event managers can creates a blog on the social networking sites where information relating to the events can be easily available and also people can communicate with each other about the event and make plans with their friends to attend the event[5]. Online tickets and passes are also available on the websites so people interested in attending the events can easily buy tickets and passes from the website. They do not have to invest time in travelling to some particular place where the tickets of the events are available. They can also book their seats for the event via internet. Internet as a social media is one of the cheapest source of promoting and organizing events on a l arge scale. It is also very efficient and effective as people can also contact the concerned person if they face any problem form the numbers available on the website. Even during the live performance of the event, social media can be a very useful tool to understand audience response and improve its level. By creating a micro blog in twitter and face book the reaction of the audience present in the event can be monitored and spread all over the internet s that people get to know the superiority of the event and energy level it has created within its viewers. People who are watching the event can also tweet n the face book and twitter by uploading pictures, videos and selfies with the live event going in the background. Therefore, the person who has not been able to attend the event can see and understand the environment it has created in that location where it has occurred and all over the society. Even after the event is over internet becomes a very important source to post the opinions of the viewers and experts about the outcome of the event[6]. The viewers can post their status stating their experience on the live performance of the event so that the persons who has not been able to attend the event this time gets excited and interested to attend the event if it happens next time. Critics can also give their feedback on the success or failure of the event. They can also rate the event on the micro blog so that people can have a broad idea of that how the event has been organized and managed by the event managers and how far the event has been successful in creating hype in the society[7]. Event managers also plan to promote their tasks with the help of advertisement in face book since there are many peoples who follow the advertisement given on face book. They can even provide contact number during the advertisement so that interested person can contact the concerned person off the event management teams. They also promote the event taking help of celebrities who can promote the show on their own blog so that the person who are following the that celebrity on face book or twitter can have any idea of the event which may turns out to be his own interest zone. This way they can effectively market their event to the peoples who follow a particular celebrity on twitter or face book[8]. Event managers can also promote their event with the help of you tube. They can upload video of trailer of the event so that people can have a glimpse of the event, which is going to happen. It will help in creating a buzz within people of the society and their friend circle. You tube can may a video viral within few hours if people likes which can be a very effective source of promoting the event by the event managers[9]. Event managers can also create a profile of their event on linkedln through which it can promote their event to a huge number of peoples who have their account on linkedln and people may get interested after viewing the information given about the event on its profile[10]. Conclusion From the discussion, it can be said that social media through face book, twitter, linkedln and you tube has changed the concept of promoting event. Previously television, radio and news paper were the main source of promoting an event which may not be a effective way of reaching to the people but now a days social media has been able to reach to a vast number of people especially the youngster who are willing to attend various types of events according to their interest. References Couldry, Nick.Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Polity, 2012. Duggan, Maeve, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden. "Social media update 2014."Pew Research Center19 (2015). Gerbaudo, Paolo.Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press, 2012. Hughes, Amanda L., and Leysia Palen. "The evolving role of the public information officer: An examination of social media in emergency management."Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management9, no. 1 (2012). Larivire, Bart, Herm Joosten, Edward C. Malthouse, Marcel van Birgelen, Pelin Aksoy, Werner H. Kunz, and Ming-Hui Huang. "Value fusion: the blending of consumer and firm value in the distinct context of mobile technologies and social media."Journal of Service Management24, no. 3 (2013): 268-293. Masterman, Guy.Strategic sports event management. Routledge, 2014. Pohl, Daniela, Abdelhamid Bouchachia, and Hermann Hellwagner. "Automatic sub-event detection in emergency management using social media." InProceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web, pp. 683-686. ACM, 2012. Sigala, Marianna, Evangelos Christou, and Ulrike Gretzel, eds.Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012. Sims, K. M., E. M. Weber, B. L. Bhaduri, G. Thakur, and D. R. Resseguie. "Application of Social Media Data to High Resolution Mapping of a Special Event Population." InProc. 13th Int. Conf. GeoComp. 2015. Walsh, Patrick, Galen Clavio, M. David Lovell, and Matthew Blaszka. "Differences in event brand personality between social media users and non-users."Sport Marketing Quarterly22, no. 4 (2013): 214. (2015).

Three Cups of Tea

Table of Contents Introduction Book Summary Analysis Conclusion Work Cited Introduction Three Cups of Tea: One Man’s Mission to Promote Peace †¦ One School at a Time (2006) is a book by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin, published by Penguin Books. The book details the author’s (Mortenson’s) shift from mountaineering to a humanitarian mission aimed at reducing poverty levels and championing for girls’ education in remote areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Three Cups of Tea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Following his newfound passion, he co-founded the Central Asia Institute, a humanitarian organization that has grown over the years and as at 2010, had supervised the construction of more than 171 schools. These schools educate more than 64,000 children, mostly girls, in isolated areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Book Summary In 1993, Greg Mortenson, an expert mountaineer, tried to scale K2, the world’s second highest mountain, located in the northern area of the Pakistan-controlled Kashmir. He wanted to achieve this feat as a tribute to his sister, Christa, who had passed on earlier, and had intended to place her necklace on the top of K2. After being on the mountain for more than 70 days, Mortenson and his fellow mountaineers had their climb disrupted as they required to complete a 3-day life-saving exercise to assist a member of their team. Mortenson then lost his way while descending K2 and became emaciated after wandering through mountain, by good luck, he came across Korphe village, where he was welcomed warmly and taken in by the village chief. To show his gratitude for their kindness and generosity, Mortenson undertook to construct a school for the villagers. He encountered financial constraints, but was later introduced to Jean Hoerni, a silicon transistor pioneer who contributed money that was requir ed to build the school. Hoerni later became the co-founder of Central Asia Institute (CAI) before his death on January 12, 1997. The CAI was charged with constructing schools in remote areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Mortenson faced major difficulties in his quest to promote girl education, especially in funding the construction of more than 55 schools in Taliban-controlled areas. Other challenges included intimidation by the Islamic fighters, long durations of being away from his family, and abduction. Mortenson reflects on the situation of the world after 9/11 and asserts that extremism in the region can be prevented through a joint effort to lessen poverty and increase literacy levels, particularly for girls. Previously, educational institutions had targeted boys, but because learned boys tend to move to the cities to look for job opportunities, they hardly ever come back.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pap er with 15% OFF Learn More However, learned girls are likely to remain in the village and use the skills acquired at school to improve livelihoods. Hence, Mortenson proposes that educating girls has a more permanent advantage to the community (Mortenson Relin, pp. 122). Analysis Three Cups of Tea presents an extraordinary account of bravery and compassion. The authors present several points of interest to the reader based on normative statements and politics against a background of cultural discourse that is being used to justify the continuing war on terrorism by America and its allies. Mortenson’s activities in Pakistan and Afghanistan are vital to our perception of how humanitarian activists, policy makers, and the common person can assist the disadvantaged in the simplest of ways, it also enables us to understand the regions where Mortenson’s intervened, and its people. With stability and elegance that is synonymous with business executives and politician s, the authors reveal the problems of terrorism and firmly suggest a solution in form of the school-building program. Despite countering extensive disapproval of his activities due to strict Muslim beliefs on girl child education, Mortenson sends a strong message that education is the solution to the world’s enemies: poverty, diseases and war. And he begins the dangerous journey from Pakistan into Afghanistan, coming across many challenges, mostly military, including an abduction in Waziristan. He manages to convince the locals to buy his ideas, and slowly, they begin to accept his vision of an educated society. The book reveals Mortenson’s patience and stability at ensuring that he fulfils his mission. On the downside, the book does not question the idea of a ‘humanitarian’ intervention by an imperial power such as the US; it simply discusses the mode of such intervention- that any military intervention should go together with humanitarian acts, which wou ld benefit the local community and the US and its allies. The authors do not comment on the US’ previous military interventions and their outcomes, or any assessments of America’s intentions and interests in the region. The authenticity of Washington’s humanitarian intervention is a matter that sends mixed signals to the inhabitants of these areas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Three Cups of Tea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Politics and international relations aside, the book is a must read for sociologists in order to understand how simple acts can have a domino effect towards solving the problems that we currently face. Conclusion From the first journey towards triumphing over the world’s tallest mountains in the harshest environments, Mortenson revisits his roots, fighting strict religious forms, to create a society of literate boys and girls. Work Cited Mortenson, Greg and R elin, David Oliver. Three Cups of Tea. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. This essay on Three Cups of Tea was written and submitted by user Deanna I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Kashmir

Kashmir – The Indian Tyranny There can never be peace when nations take unfair advantage of being strong against weak. It is a threat to humanity and peace. There have always been territorial disputes all over the world, but most of them have been solved in a noble way. One of the unsolved, long-time disputes is in South Asia is ‘The Kashmir Conflict’ between Pakistan and India, which has remained tentative for more than half a century. The main question arises here is that should India control Kashmir. And the answer to that is, India should not have any control over Kashmir because Kashmir is a Muslim majority state, it is also essential for Pakistan for its national identity and Kashmiri have the right to choose their own government. India’s unreasonable determination to make Kashmir part of India even though they don’t have any right to control that piece of land which leads to the fact that India is responsible for the Kashmir dispute. The first reason is that Kashmir is a Muslim majority state and India’s forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of the dispute. India claims to have signed a controversial document, the Instrument of Accession, on 26th October 1947 with the Maharaja of Kashmir, which gives them a fair right to govern Kashmir. However, the people of Kashmir and Pakistan don’t accept the Indian claim. Pakistan claims that Maharaja Hari Singh was traveling to Srinagar on 26th so there is no possibility of him signing the document. The UN also invalidates such claim and there are doubts about the very existence of this Instrument of Accession. Kashmir was always the Muslim majority area and it not only had geographical nearness with Pakistan, but also had the important economic links with other territories of Pakistan. One of the main causes of this dispute was religion. During the years before the partition of Pakistan and India, a Hindu leader Maharaja Hari S... Free Essays on Kashmir Free Essays on Kashmir Kashmir – The Indian Tyranny There can never be peace when nations take unfair advantage of being strong against weak. It is a threat to humanity and peace. There have always been territorial disputes all over the world, but most of them have been solved in a noble way. One of the unsolved, long-time disputes is in South Asia is ‘The Kashmir Conflict’ between Pakistan and India, which has remained tentative for more than half a century. The main question arises here is that should India control Kashmir. And the answer to that is, India should not have any control over Kashmir because Kashmir is a Muslim majority state, it is also essential for Pakistan for its national identity and Kashmiri have the right to choose their own government. India’s unreasonable determination to make Kashmir part of India even though they don’t have any right to control that piece of land which leads to the fact that India is responsible for the Kashmir dispute. The first reason is that Kashmir is a Muslim majority state and India’s forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of the dispute. India claims to have signed a controversial document, the Instrument of Accession, on 26th October 1947 with the Maharaja of Kashmir, which gives them a fair right to govern Kashmir. However, the people of Kashmir and Pakistan don’t accept the Indian claim. Pakistan claims that Maharaja Hari Singh was traveling to Srinagar on 26th so there is no possibility of him signing the document. The UN also invalidates such claim and there are doubts about the very existence of this Instrument of Accession. Kashmir was always the Muslim majority area and it not only had geographical nearness with Pakistan, but also had the important economic links with other territories of Pakistan. One of the main causes of this dispute was religion. During the years before the partition of Pakistan and India, a Hindu leader Maharaja Hari S...

The Impotence of Proofreading

The Impotence of Proofreading The Impotence of Proofreading The Impotence of Proofreading By Daniel Scocco Its a fact that a spell checker will not catch all the mistakes on your text. More specifically, it will not catch misspellings that form other valid words. So how do you solve this problem? Proofreading, of coarse! Just read again through youre text trying to spot words that dont fit, and make sure to not loose the focus while you do it. Proofreading is sometimes more important then using the spell checker itself. You should proofread virtually any written piece, from emails to blog posts. Proofread your homework as well, since you dont want to drive the principle of your school crazy. Lets be honest, misspelled words are defiantly a sign of ignorance. The simple act of proofreading will have a great affect on the quality of your material, and I am sure that youll earn more complements from people. Their you go my friend, and take this advice seriously. After all, you dont want to look dumb in front of the general pubic! P.S. Can you find all the mistakes? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowUsed To vs. Use To50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Employee Relations- 'Finder' Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee Relations- 'Finder' Case Study - Essay Example This has meant anarchy of sorts and with the soft warning that the union ‘UNITE’ has given to the management and top heads goes to show the problem is more than skin deep and a major catharsis is required which will solve the issue once and for all. From the organizational standpoint, management is stuck as to how it can retain its employees whilst asking them to attend office on a consistent basis. This is a problem which has haunted Finder Industries for a long time and a solution needs to be found to tackle the issue at hand. However, the problems are many and the alternatives in the wake of solutions are less (Willman, 2009). This paper will try to establish where the problem actually lies within Finder Industries and what the solutions should be. Also it will aim to determine where and how the directives need to be changed so that the employees can stop taking the company for granted and give it their best in even the most trying of times and circumstances. Further, there will be recommendations that would address the problems at hand and consideration would be paid towards the barriers that have a say in a very destructive manner towards the outcome of the issue. Also a reflective statement would be mentioned that would add on to the discussion so that the end results are comprehensible, engaging and decisive as far as solutions are concerned. The problem with Finder Industries is that the employees are not respecting the workplace at the moment. What is even more distressing to know is that the company is not doing much for itself to get respected within the eyes of the employees and workers. This respect comes from empathy for one another that would eventually act as a symbiotic force for the long term solutions that could be found for the sake of the Finder Industries. What is a problem now could be treated as one of the pathways towards finding a solution – if only there is such a comprehension achievable in the first place. The re spect factor must start from the top; however there are times when this respect issue could be understood by incorporating motivation and providing incentives to the middle and lower middle management domains. One can be sure when the respect factor for the sake of the Finder Industries would be available, many problems would automatically get resolved, and that too in an amicable fashion (Bruno, 2005). The need right now is to find out what would motivate the employees to start respecting where they work and how they can live up to the organizational name and raise its stature more and more. Moving ahead with the debate, Finder Industries is going through a tough time at the present because its rules and policies as far as the sick leaves are not properly designed. If this can be done in a proper way, perhaps there could be a pathway to finding new solutions to tackle the issue at hand. Finder Industries needs to know why its rules and policies regarding sick leaves and absenteeism of employees is not drafted in a proper way but then again this would mean that the company has not gone forward but is geared to go back. This must not happen (Moriconi, 2011). The approach should always be positive because it sends good enough signals to one and all within the organization. The best foot forward would be to determine if there is room to devise rules and policies which would be deemed as agreeable by the union ‘

Performing Arts in South Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performing Arts in South Africa - Research Paper Example The fashion and performance night will be open for students, media, and culture, lifestyle and fashion enthusiasts. The event is free for students but tickets will be sold in reasonable amount to non-academicians. This fashion night will be very essential to create awareness on the visual and cultural heritage of South Africa. South African traditional dances are integral part of its history because these dances are expressions of all that life’s rich pageant has to offer (South African Traditional Culture 2011) On the other hand, the traditional clothing represents South Africas history that has left a legacy of traditional apparel as diverse as the people who have settled there (Warton n.d.)Acknowledging these different traditional cultures, both in clothing and dance rituals, gives the nation a giant leaps in recognizing this country’s rich national history†. The audience and participants will be basically budding designers coming from the Fashion Institute of Technology. This will include students, faculty, and staff and fashion show at the Marshall Hall of SUNY. The budding designers will take the challenge of producing short fashion production number inspired by South African traditional culture. This will improve the student’s creativity and will create awareness among this particular community as regards to the cultural heritage of South Africa among. One key message is that some fashion trends may have been influenced by the culture of this region. Furthermore, the students will further appreciate on maybe looking into the history of other countries as well and infusing every other country’s tradition on their designs. The fashion show must be coordinated with the faculty of FIT so the show may be incorporated as a partial fulfilment in their particular courses. Without the students and their designs, the program will not run. Note that this event

Different Types of Database Management System Essay Example for Free

Different Types of Database Management System Essay A database can be a set of flat files stored on computer tape or disk or it could consist of database tables that are managed by a Database Management System (DBMS). There are different types of DBMS products: relational, network and hierarchical, multidimensional, object. The most widely commonly used type of DBMS today is the Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). Database management systems (DBMS) are designed to use one of five database structures to provide simplistic access to information stored in databases. The five database structures are: the hierarchical model, he network model, the relational model, the multidimensional model, and the object model. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. A given database management system may provide one or more of the five models. The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the applications data, and on the applications requirements, which include transaction rate (speed), reliability, maintainability, scalability, and cost. Hierarchical Model The hierarchical data model organizes data in a tree structure. There is a hierarchy of parent and child data segments. This structure implies that a record can have repeating information, generally in the child data segments. Data in a series of records, which have a set of field values attached to it. It collects all the instances of a specific record together as a record type. These record types are the equivalent of tables in the relational model, and with the individual records being the equivalent of rows. To create links between these record types, the hierarchical model uses Parent Child Relationships. These are a 1:N mapping between record types. This is done by using trees, like set theory used in the relational model, borrowed from maths. For example, an organization might store information about an employee, such as name, employee number, department, salary. The organization might also store information about an employees children, such as name and date of birth. The employee and children data forms a hierarchy, where the employee data represents the parent segment and the children data represents the child segment. If an employee has three children, then there would be three child segments associated with one employee segment. In a hierarchical database the parent-child relationship is one to many. This restricts a child segment to having only one parent segment. Hierarchical DBMSs were popular from the late 1960s, with the introduction of IBMs Information Management System (IMS) DBMS, through the 1970s. The hierarchical structure was used in early mainframe DBMS. Records’ relationships form a treelike model. This structure is simple but nonflexible because the relationship is confined to a one-to-many relationship. IBM’s IMS system and the RDM Mobile are examples of a hierarchical database system with multiple hierarchies over the same data. RDM Mobile is a newly designed embedded database for a mobile computer system. The hierarchical structure is used primarily today for storing geographic information and file systems. Network Model The popularity of the network data model coincided with the popularity of the hierarchical data model. Some data were more naturally modeled with more than one parent per child. So, the network model permitted the modeling of many-to-many relationships in data. In 1971, the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) formally defined the network model. The basic data modeling construct in the network model is the set construct. A set consists of an owner record type, a set name, and a member record type. A member record type can have that role in more than one set, hence the multiparent concept is supported. An owner record type can also be a member or owner in another set. The data model is a simple network, and link and intersection record types (called junction records by IDMS) may exist, as well as sets between them . Thus, the complete network of relationships is represented by several pairwise sets; in each set some (one) record type is owner (at the tail of the network arrow) and one or more record types are members (at the head of the relationship arrow). Usually, a set defines a 1:M relationship, although 1:1 is permitted. The CODASYL network model is based on mathematical set theory. The network structure consists of more complex relationships. Unlike the hierarchical structure, it can relate to many records and accesses them by following one of several paths. In other words, this structure allows for many-to-many relationships. Relational Model (RDBMS relational database management system) A database based on the relational model developed by E. F. Codd. A relational database allows the definition of data structures, storage and retrieval operations and integrity constraints. In such a database the data and relations between them are organised in tables. A table is a collection of records and each record in a table contains the same fields. Properties of Relational Tables: Values Are Atomic Each Row is Unique Column Values Are of the Same Kind The Sequence of Columns is Insignificant The Sequence of Rows is Insignificant Each Column Has a Unique Name Certain fields may be designated as keys, which means that searches for specific values of that field will use indexing to speed them up. Where fields in two different tables take values from the same set, a join operation can be performed to select related records in the two tables by matching values in those fields. Often, but not always, the fields will have the same name in both tables. For example, an orders table might contain (customer-ID, product-code) pairs and a products table might contain (product-code, price) pairs so to calculate a given customers bill you would sum the prices of all products ordered by that customer by joining on the product-code fields of the two tables. This can be extended to joining multiple tables on multiple fields. Because these relationships are only specified at retreival time, relational databases are classed as dynamic database management system. The RELATIONAL database model is based on the Relational Algebra. The relational structure is the most commonly used today. It is used by mainframe, midrange and microcomputer systems. It uses two-dimensional rows and columns to store data. The tables of records can be connected by common key values. While working for IBM, E. F. Codd designed this structure in 1970. The model is not easy for the end user to run queries with because it may require a complex combination of many tables. Multidimensional structure The multidimensional structure is similar to the relational model. The dimensions of the cube-like model have data relating to elements in each cell. This structure gives a spreadsheet-like view of data. This structure is easy to maintain because records are stored as fundamental attributes in the same way they are viewed and the structure is easy to understand. Its high performance has made it the most popular database structure when it comes to enabling online analytical processing (OLAP). Object/Relational Model Object/relational database management systems (ORDBMSs) add new object storage capabilities to the relational systems at the core of modern information systems. These new facilities integrate management of traditional fielded data, complex objects such as time-series and geospatial data and diverse binary media such as audio, video, images, and applets. By encapsulating methods with data structures, an ORDBMS server can execute comple x analytical and data manipulation operations to search and transform multimedia and other complex objects. As an evolutionary technology, the object/relational (OR) approach has inherited the robust transaction- and performance-management features of it s relational ancestor and the flexibility of its object-oriented cousin. Database designers can work with familiar tabular structures and data definition languages (DDLs) while assimilating new object-management possibi lities. Query and procedural languages and call interfaces in ORDBMSs are familiar: SQL3, vendor procedural languages, and ODBC, JDBC, and proprie tary call interfaces are all extensions of RDBMS languages and interfaces. And the leading vendors are, of course, quite well known: IBM, Inform ix, and Oracle. The object oriented structure has the ability to handle graphics, pictures, voice and text, types of data, without difficultly unlike the other database structures. This structure is popular for multimedia Web-based applications. It was designed to work with object-oriented programming languages such as Java. Object-Oriented Model Object DBMSs add database functionality to object programming languages. They bring much more than persistent storage of programming language objects. Object DBMSs extend the semantics of the C++, Smalltalk and Java object programming languages to provide full-featured database programming capability, while retaining native language compatibility. A major benefit of this approach is the unification of the application and database development into a seamless data model and language environment. As a result, applications require less code, use more natural data modeling, and code bases are easier to maintain. Object developers can write complete database applications with a modest amount of additional effort. The object-oriented database (OODB) paradigm is the combination of object-oriented programming language (OOPL) systems and persistent systems. The power of the OODB comes from the seamless treatment of both persistent data, as found in databases, and transient data, as found in executing programs. In contrast to a relational DBMS where a complex data structure must be flattened out to fit into tables or joined together from those tables to form the in-memory structure, object DBMSs have no performance overhead to store or retrieve a web or hierarchy of interrelated objects. This one-to-one mapping of object programming language objects to database objects has two benefits over other storage approaches: it provides higher performance management of objects, and it enables better management of the complex interrelationships between objects. This makes object DBMSs better suited to support applications such as financial portfolio risk analysis systems, telecommunications service applications, world wide web document structures, design and manufacturing systems, and hospital patient record systems, which have complex relationships between data.

A Family in Turmoil in Today Will Be A Quiet Day :: Today Will Be a Quiet Day Essays

A Family in Turmoil in Today Will Be A Quiet Day  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Amy Hempel’s story, "Today Will Be A Quiet Day," a father takes the day off to spend time with his two children at a place called "Petaluma." The title suggests that this day was one of calmness and relaxation, but in reality the title should be " A Family in Turmoil." Throughout the trip, the children argue, complain, and bicker which seems to suggest that the day is rather depressing and quite humbling for the father (Baker 170). The father’s good intentions for quality family time failed. When I first read the story, I felt that their relationships were a little detached and never quite came together. Suffering from the death of a close friend, the boy tries to ignore his feelings and jokes on his sister. His friend was a mental patient who threw himself off a building. Being really young and unable to cope with this tragedy, the boy jokes to his sister about the bridge collapsing. "The mention of the suicide and of the bridge collapsing set a depressing tone for the rest of the story" (Baker 170). Arguments about Raisinettes force the father to settle it by saying, "you will both spoil your lunch." As their day continues, their arguments become more serious and present concern for the father who is trying to understand his children better. In complete agreement with Justin Oeltzes’ paper, "A Sad Story," I also feel that this dark foreshadowing of time to come is an indication of the author’s direct intention to write a sad story. At lunch the children are rowdy and need to be calmed down. The father says, "Maybe we could try a little quiet today." The girl replies, "You sound like your tombstone. Remember what you wanted it to say?" Her brother joins in by saying, "Today will be a quiet day. Because it never is around us." (Hempel 1204). Shortly after completing their meal, the girl asks about her dog. "Did anyone remember to feed him?" she asks (Hempel 1205). The boy again brings death into the picture by saying that he forgot to feed the dog and then proceeds to remind her about her previous dog. She was told the dog was taken to a sheep farm where, in reality, the dog was put to sleep. Naturally, the girl began to cry.

Langston Hughes’ Salvation

In the accepted design of things, a child’s mind is beautifully fuelled by the balance of both remarkable simplicity and seemingly undamaging curiosity to discover life, in spite of all its questions, contradictions, and intricacies. The mind of a child naturally takes every and any thought, idea, and principle, no matter how plain or complex, and dissects them quite amazingly into its most literal meaning, despite any and every traditional and substantial belief, credibility, and association it holds. More often than not, the concept of fathoming any idea and form of spiritual and existential conviction for a child is unsurprisingly basic and basically unsurprising. However, as poet, playwright, short story writer, and novelist Langston Hughes chronicles, once when he was twelve, a particular visit to church shattered all sensibilities of devout spiritual naivety and caused him to cross over into a state of realization beyond his years then which he would carry thereafter—realization of faith of concept of God of possibly not being true at all. As philosopher and poet George Santayana (2008) puts, â€Å"Wisdom comes by disillusionment,† which summarizes that certain childhood experience of a young Langston Hughes—wisdom, in many variety, which exponentially posed endless queries for a young mind (n. p. ). The experience brought forth many forms of disenchantment from the idea of a church and belief system, the credibility of the revival process, personal salvation from sin, and even the concept of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. A young Langston, in his unassuming state, has been well-oriented by his Aunt Reed about what to expect during a revival ceremony before his inadvertent enlightenment. He was told that he was to see a light as an indication that Jesus had come into his life which equivocally translates to personal salvation. As a young Langston (2003) recalls and stresses, â€Å"She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul. I believed her†¦ So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me† (n. . ). In every way, it was safe to assume that both parties and everyone else in attending the service-revival were expecting everything would go as a normal eventuality, but unfortunately, it did not. Evidently, during that fateful night, the young Langston waited for an empirical manifestation of Jesus Christ. Within him, the anticipation was built to its highest. Yet, only frustration, confusion, and even embarrassment led to his disillusionment and thus wisdom. The young Langston may have considered the possibility of the animated demonstration of all faith, prayer, and song to having lost all its divine potency. He may also have considered later on that everything might have been staged, especially when all of the children, but him and another boy, have not been saved. Also, from the other boy, Westley, expressing a solution and rather reacting discreetly and violently at the same time seemed nonsense to him. The young Langston’s personal definition of salvation then was sincerely expecting an appearance to be saved, not to be standing from the mourner’s bench and automatically being hailed as saved by those in attendance. In comparison to what he was expecting, the actual process just did not qualify as deliverance. He was expecting something more divine, miraculous even. As the young Langston was lost in translation and clouded by even more confusion, though in derailed hopes, he still simply wanted to wait for Jesus’ arrival. As the long wait allowed only a stalemate outcome and time to stand still, the concern of salvation for a young Langston shifted to saving face in public. When he decided to be once and for all saved, those who were in attendance erupted in sheer praise and glee. All of which, he did not seem to simply appreciate the value, if any, because he was still tight holding to his personal understanding of what should have happen—a physical materialization of Christ. In every sense imaginable, for a child, a letdown of such proportions can only bring frustration and disappointment. In all of this, the evidence of being ultimately disenchanted was the night after the revival-service, when a young Langston concluded that Jesus did not appear, neither to save nor help him. Thus, in all its simplicity, he bears wisdom to question, to wonder, and to consider the untraditional, the other side of things. In an early age, he was brought into a realm of possibilities all of which he can compare, contrast, choose to believe in or not, and all else in between. Works Cited Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Salvation.† Spiritwatch Ministries.1 September 2003. 27 January 2009. http://www.spiritwatch.org/firelangsave.htm. Santayana, George. â€Å"George Santayana Quotes.†Famous-Proverbs.com. 2008. 28 January 2009 http://www.famous-proverbs.com/Santayana_Quotes.htm.

Japan Airlines Flight 123 Essay

August 12, 1985- Japan Airlines flight 123 left Tokyo, Japan at around 6:10 in the evening, fourteen minutes later at an altitude of twenty four thousand feet, and three hundred knots, an explosion, oscillations, and cabin decompressions was heard and captured on the plane’s on board recorder. The captain on duty was seated at the right side of the plane and his co-pilot, who was at that time training for promotion to be a captain, was sitting on the left seat. A few moments later, the captain signals an SOS on the transponder and suggests that the flight return to Tokyo. The airplane went down to twenty two thousand feet and went on doing violent movements; the plane, for about two minutes was doing a Phugoid, or longitudinal motion and rolls. The captain and his co-pilot were helpless and had no means in controlling the airplane’s heading through the usual flight control inputs. Their only way of limited control is done through thrust differentials. The plane was able to maintain an altitude of twenty two thousand feet and two hundred and fifty knots for an approximate duration of twenty minutes. At around 6:39 in the evening, the main landing gear was deployed which caused the erratic movements of the plane to intensify. The plane then did a controlled turn to the left while descending to eight thousand feet. Erratic movement of the plane meanwhile, continue. At 6:47 PM, the plane was in a mountainous area, the plane increased power, and they were at five thousand and three hundred feet. The flaps of the plane were extended at 6:51 PM that caused the roll angle of the plane to be sixty degrees, the crew starts to move the flaps and increase thrust. The plane was at ten thousand feet when it began a nose dive at a very fast eighteen thousand feet per minute. The crew countered this by lifting the nose. 6:56 PM – the airplane crashed at the mountains on an altitude of five thousand feet and three hundred and forty knots. Roughly forty six minutes since take-off and thirty two minutes since the decompression. Boeing, as owners of the plane, are somehow responsible for the crash but definitely they are not the only ones to blame and do not deserve to be blamed in entirety. Part of the responsibility lies with Japan Airlines who maintains the plane. In fairness to Boeing, they have provided specific repair instructions to the plane that was not followed by those who were responsible for the repairs. The plane had previously suffered damage to the bulkhead in 1978 but was not repaired properly. As stated in the report, â€Å"The initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks are attributed to the improper repairs of the bulkhead, conducted in 1978, and since the fatigue cracks were not found in the later maintenance inspection, this contributed to the accident. † (Aviation Safety Network, 2008). Boeing did its part by providing proper instructions but their failure to see to it that they were carried out properly contributed to the crash which makes them partly guilty of neglect. There was confusion on the rescue operation, A US owned helicopter was the first at the scene, about twenty minutes after impact. The US chopper in turn, informed Yokota Air Base and offered backup. But the US helicopter was ordered to return to base because Japanese forces were to handle the mission. Poor visibility at the crash site prompted the Japanese team to report that there were no survivors and made it impossible to land. Thinking that there were no survivors the rest of the rescue team waited till the next morning to check out the site. But there were survivors, reports show that injuries on the bodies found imply that they survived the crash but were not given immediate medical attention which caused their deaths. If the helicopter pilot hadn’t reported abruptly that there were no survivors, there could have been. References Aviation Safety Network. (2007). Applying Lessons learned from Accidents. from: http://aviation-safety. net/database/record. php? id=19850812-1 Air Disaster. com (n. d). Special Report: Japan Airlines 123. from: http://www. airdisaster. com/special/special-jal123. shtml Jackson, H. (1985). 524 Killed in worst single air disaster. from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/fromthearchive/story/0,,1017027,00. html

Ex. 17.15 Essays - Costs, Business Economics, Business, Economy

Ex. 17.15 Essays - Costs, Business Economics, Business, Economy Ex. 17.15 Spear Custom Furniture uses an activity-based cost accounting system to apply overhead to production. The company maintains four overhead cost pools. The four cost pools, and their budgeted amounts for the upcoming period, are as follows: Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 Materials handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Set-ups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 Quality control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,000 Four cost drivers are used by Spear to allocate its overhead cost pools to production. The four cost drivers, and their budgeted total levels of activity for the upcoming period, are shown below: Machine hours (to allocate maintenance costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 hours Material moves (to allocate materials handling costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 moves Set-ups (to allocate set-up costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 set-ups Number of inspections (to allocate quality control costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 inspections The company has been asked by Cosmopolitan University to submit a bid for tables to be used in a new computer lab. The plant manager feels that obtaining this job would result in new business in future years. Estimates for the Cosmopolitan University project are as follows: Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,000 Direct labor (500 hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,000 Number of machine hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Number of material moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Number of set-ups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns By Mark Nichol Many compound nouns present a challenge when it comes to determining how to convert them from singular to plural form. The solution usually seems simple enough slap on an s but the plural appendage doesn’t automatically go at the very end. Here’s the rule about how to figure out whether to write that, for example, during your last golf game, you shot two hole-in-ones or two holes-in-one. (After all, just because you’re lying doesn’t mean you should ignore proper grammar.) The plural inflection s or its variants should be attached to the element of an open or hyphenated compound noun that changes in number. Hence, for example, â€Å"chief of staff† becomes â€Å"chiefs of staff,† not â€Å"chief of staffs† and â€Å"mother-in-law† becomes â€Å"mothers-in-law,† not â€Å"mother-in-laws.† Some terms, however, are ambiguous: Should you write â€Å"attorney generals,† or â€Å"attorneys general†? The former treatment disregards that attorney is the key element; general, in this usage, is an adjective, not a noun. (This reverse placement of adjective and noun is a legacy of the French origin of the term.) But â€Å"attorneys general† seems stilted and odd to many people, who prefer treating such compound designations like military ranks: A reference to more than one brigadier general, for example, would mention â€Å"brigadier generals,† not â€Å"brigadiers general,† even though general, recall, was originally a postnominative adjective. However, similar terms are straightforward: â€Å"Secretary-elect† becomes â€Å"secretaries-elect,† and the plural form of â€Å"heir apparent† is â€Å"heirs apparent.† Note that the rule does not refer to closed compounds, because in this type of compound, the element that changes number is invariably at the end: More than one headache involves multiple aches, not a plurality of heads (notwithstanding that reference can be made to more than one person having a headache at a time), mention of two or more copies of a handbook correctly emphasizes book, not hand, and households is likewise the correct form for describing more than one household. But there are exceptions, as in reference to more than one passerby; that’s because, unlike the examples given above, this closed compound does not consist of two nouns combined in one word. Passersby, too, observes the general rule that the changeable element receives the plural inflection. And what of compoundlike words formed from the combination of a noun and the suffix -ful? Dictionaries, responding to variable usage, list both a plural form in which the plural inflection follows the noun and a variant in which the s is appended after -ful. However, some people find the former structure awkward (handsful, teaspoonsful), while the -fuls form (handfuls, teaspoonfuls), to many, looks and sounds more logical. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Body Parts as Tools of MeasurementSit vs. Set

Social policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social policy - Assignment Example The paper focuses on two policies that have the potential of solving problems created by welfare systems for single mothers with creation of sustainable employment opportunities and reduction of out of wedlock births being areas of concern. The number of children being raised by single mothers has continued to increase over the years with data indicating the ratio of children living in families headed by women at all-time high (Fang and Keane 2). Introduction of welfare programs for single mothers is informed by existing challenges they go through in being the only parent in the family. These mothers have to deal with increased demand for attention from their children, despite the fact that most of the mothers work in low paying jobs with few or no benefits (Deily 135). Apart from low income that is not sufficient to support the families, single mothers also have to work longer shifts to meet family needs. This implies that they have less time to take care of the children yet they cannot afford to employ a capable substitute housekeepers and caregivers (Albelda 200). Due to the continued rise in the number of single mother, there has been increased scrutiny of programs seeking to support single women with children. The program has been accused of not only improving the economic position of these women but also ensure they remain dependent on welfare. There is now a split in opinion over the best approach to tackle the situation especially when assessing the importance of welfare programs to economic stability of such families against the need to enable these women through polices that will make them economically independent in future. As a result of the arguments on the effectiveness of assistance to single mothers, there has been increased argument in support of polices that would empower women through job creation as opposed to focusing on welfare (Garfinkel and McLanahan). Due to the inherent challenges within

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example It does use all its operational activities in a very effective manner. The biggest positive advantage that the company has is that the way in which the company has understood the requirements of the customers in different locations. The way they have been able to achieve the customers satisfaction is an incredible achievement for the company. Tesco is passionate and also successful in building and developing the skills and talent among the employees from their own resources itself. The organizational culture followed in the company has allowed each employee to work in a very efficient manner and also as a single team. All the employees do work towards a common goal and objective. The company has also got a huge competitive advantage in the way it adapts itself to the changing market environment and thus the business process is very flexible in Tesco. The huge capital that the company has in its balance does provide Tesco with lot of stability and also take decisions which have lots o f risks involved but with their success the company gets lots of benefits. This model of resource-based view does puts lots of focus on the way the internal capabilities of the organization is been utilised by the company for achieving its goals and for getting competitive advantage in the global competitive market. The internal capabilities of the company shows the way the company can make its strategies that can provide the company with lot of competitive advantage over the competitors. These internal capabilities of the organization do help the company to create value chain for the stakeholders and also for the customers. In Tesco the internal resources are the employees, equipments, cash flow and other resources. The company does make sure that all the internal resources of the company are been utilised in the best possible way and in most efficiently and

Product Liability and Intentional Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Liability and Intentional Tort - Essay Example The rationale for placing high liability on the sellers and manufacturers regardless of the nature of defect is that such parties are better placed to bear the cost implications of compensation. In this case, it is argued that product manufacturers and sellers can cushion themselves against losses resulting from product defects by increasing the product’s prices. Due to lack of a federal law governing product liability, the precedence for liability torts is derived from various state laws and court rulings on the general tort law. The admissibility of Chase’s case for product liability can be established by examining the threshold requirements for product liability cases and relevant court rulings. According to the Indiana Law Review, the following mandatory threshold requirements exist for a case to qualify for product liability; a product’s user/claimant who is subject to injury by the product, product’s manufacturer or seller/defendant, faulty product t hat is considered as unreasonably dangerous to the consumer or consumer’s property, a product reaching the consumer without alteration to its initial state and physical harm resulting from the product (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1378). Irrespective of the relevant product liability theories involved in the case, Chase’s case should meet the above criteria to qualify for admissibility (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1378). An examination of the theories upon which the product liability law is based provides insight to this hypothetical scenario. Under the theory of negligence, the manufacturer of the paper shredding machine is not liable for Chase’s injuries since there was no negligence on the manufacturer’s part or failure to remove foreseeable risk of injury to the machine’s user (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1382). In this case, the injuries incurred were as a result of negligence by the user arising from failure to re ad and adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions. However, the machine’s manufacturer can be held liable for Chase’s injury on the basis of the duty to warn the user against a foreseeable risk of injury by the machine (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1383). The manufacturer’s liability to provide warning to the user and whether the operation instructions were sufficient to protect Chase from injuries can be established by examining other factors like the value of the warning. In this case, the manufacturer of the paper shredding machine had the duty to provide adequate warning regarding the dangers of personal harm incase the machine is operated without lubricating oil. Under negligence rule, Chase should prove that the injuries sustained occurred despite having observed the necessary duty of care (Fischer, 2009:7). Product liability requires the injured party; Chase to demonstrate the harm-causation relationship and whether there was any breach of duty if there was any negligence by the manufacturer (Fischer, 2009:7). Though there was concrete harm on the part of Chase and the nature of causation passes the necessary â€Å"but-for† test which seeks to establish whether the harm would have otherwise occurred, the burden of proof for the manufacturer’s failure to observe the necessary duty of care lies with Chase. In this case, it is less likely for Chase to be compensated by the paper shreddi

Zara Is A Phenomenon In The Textile Industry Marketing Essay

Zara Is A Phenomenon In The Textile Industry Marketing Essay Because of its history and leadership long time in its industry, zara is one of the largest internal fashion companies, its belong to inditex one of largest distribution groups in the world. The company particular business model is customer-based and includes the design, manufacture, distribution and sale of it products through an extensive network of group owned shops. Its first store featured low-priced lookalike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions. The store proved to be a success, and Ortega started opening more Zara stores in Spain. During the 1980s, Ortega started changing the design, manufacturing and distribution process to reduce lead times and react to new trends in a quicker way, in what he called instant fashions. The company based its improvements in the use of information technologies and using groups of designers instead of individuals. Zaras business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zaras fundamental concept is to maintain design, production, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands. Josà © Marà ­a Castellano, CEO of Inditex stated that the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply cant move fast enough.    This highlights the importance of this quick response time to Zaras operations. Marketing is another key element in the production of fast fashion. Two approaches are currently being used by companies as market strategies; the difference is the amount of financial capital spent on advertisements. While some companies invest in advertising, fast fashion mega firm Primark operates with no advertising. Primark instead invests in store layout, shop fit and visual merchandising to create an instant hook. The instant hook creates an enjoyable shopping experience, resulting in the continuous return of customers. Research shows that seventy five percent of consumers decisions are made in front of the fixture within three seconds. The alternative spending of Primark also allows the retailer to pass the benefits of a cost saving back to the consumer and maintain the companys price structure of producing garments at a lower cost Production. Generally speaking we can say Zara`s competitors are all quite big competitors that have actually reached international markets, all starting from spain with huge local distribution, that makes the market quite inflexible, as they apparently are doing the same, and that customers are stable, may be because of the nature of the product.(Diana)p37 Zara produces of-the-moment fashion and has developed a very successful vertically integrated company which can design, manufacture, and distribute garments to retail stores in as little as three weeks. Zaras target market is comprised of urban, fashion-conscious consumers who shop frequently for the latest trends.    Currently under debate is a proposed upgrade to the POS system throughout the Zara chain.    With over 950 stores, this would be a huge undertaking for Inditex, Zaras parent company. The current DOS-based system meets the needs of the company, and despite some of the benefits of upgrading, it is best to continue with the current system in place. (Fortune magazine) Zara derives its competitive advantage from an astute use of information and technology. All of its stores are electronically linked to the companys headquarters near La Coruna, a midsized city on the northwest coast of Spain. Store managers monitor how merchandise is selling and transmit this information, as well as customer requests, to headquarters. The role of the store manager goes way beyond that of Gap and HM, says Wills of Goldman Sachs. Together with trend-spotters who travel the globe in search of new fashion, store managers make sure their designers have access to real-time information when deciding with the commercial team on the fabric, cut, and price points of a new garment. Sustain Competitive Advantage The concept of Quick Response (QR) is used to create new, fresh products while also drawing consumers back to the retail experience for consecutive visits. Quick response also makes it possible for new technologies to increase production and efficiency. The Spanish mega chain Zara has become the global model for how to decrease the time between design and production. This production short cut enables Zara to manufacture over 30,000 units of product every year to nearly 1,600 stores in 58 countries. New items are delivered twice a week to the stores, reducing the time between initial sale and replenishment. As a result, the shortened time period improves consumers garment choices and product availability. The SWOT analysis technique lends itself to napkin planning and snapshot insights. To conduct a SWOT analysis, draw a vertical line in the center of your napkin (or whiteboard or flipchart), intersected by a horizontal line. Now you have four quadrants where youll sketch your companys situation.(Dr. Ralph ) Web catalog sites are essentially wholesale or retail order-taking terminals. Zara is carrying products from dozens or thousands of it parent company inditex. But what is the product? Our own store is the product here. We are building an online brand that we hope will represent the kind of store where people can find and purchase just what they want. We market our product lines through HTML e-mail fliers (see http://www.wilsonweb.com/wmt5/html-email-multi.htm), by pushing the customer to the web site saying, Come here, come to our store out of all the other choices on the Web. We have what youre looking for. One way to look at an online catalog site is as a shopping service that helps our customers find what they want among their carefully selected collection of best-of-class products. Custom services, too, can be viewed as products. One of the keys to success was to define the standard product carefully, clarifying what was included in the standard website, and what items were considered add-ons. but a 12-page website that included a single response form, custom graphic header, background, menu system, certain marketing elements, etc. When zara package its services into clearly-defined bundles, they become a product that is clear to the customer and therefore saleable. Companys service packages constitute the product line. Information products. One of the favourite sites is http://Britannica.com ; the website that includes the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica free to the visitor. What a wealth of material ; a great example of an information product (in this case, a free product). An online newspaper is another example of an information product, as well as our E-Commerce Research Room (http://www.wilsonweb.com/research/). Zara has done a good job by subscribing the encyclopaedia. place Place is supposed to signify the physical distribution channel, getting the goods to the customer. Yes, the Internet is either the point of contact or the point of sale, but the FAILURE to consider the distribution channel dooms many online businesses. In this issue well look at the problems and the marketing decisions that online business people are forced to make. Services are typically delivered digitally online, or with the Internet used to generate leads, and the service being delivered in person by a local vendor. The Eight Essential Types of Internet Promotion 1. Search engines Many people, perhaps even a majority of people, will use search engines and the Yahoo! directory to find what theyre looking for on the Web. So the place to start in promotion is to design web pages that will be indexed well by the search engines, using descriptive titles and accurate META tags. 2. Linking strategies Linking strategies are a second essential type of site promotion. The more links pointing to the site, the more traffic it will experience (and the greater perceived popularity will rank Zara higher in the search engines). Another popular method is to join a banner exchange. For every two banners displayed on the site promoting other businesses, one of Zaras banners will be shown an another member site. The biggest exchange is Microsoft bCentral LinkExchange. http://adnetwork.bcentral.com/. Another important form of linking promotion involves paying affiliates for sales resulting from links to Zara site. 3. Viral strategies An increasingly important process is to design a strategy that encourages others to carry Zara marketing message via e-mail, using their own network of relationships ; and preferably their own resources. This is called viral marketing after the way viruses multiply rapidly in a cell, commandeering the cells resources to do the viruss bidding. The classic example is HotMail.com, a free e-mail system. Each e-mail message (sent by definition to a persons own friends and associates) carries a message encouraging the recipient to sign up for a HotMail account, too. Another example is postcard or greeting cards, each of which carries a message encouraging the recipient to send a card to a friend carrying the siteowners marketing message. If zara can write quality articles, we can offer them to others to use on their websites or in their newsletters, each article carrying a link to Zara website. Public relations to get press coverage is a kind of viral strategy, if the company think about it. 4. Public relations Public relations, the task of getting press coverage, is still a vital type of site promotion. News release picked up by several print and/or Internet publications its will get a tremendous boost in traffic, all for free, letting the news periodicals network carry our marketing message. Of course, nothings really free. We will need to have a truly newsworthy event, contest, free service, chat room ; or something ; or no decent publication will consider it news. Coming up with free services and events isnt inexpensive, but the ensuing publicity can be excellent ; we may get an unbiased editorial recommendations that we couldnt purchase for any amount of money. 5. Traditional media Dont discount traditional media in promoting our website ; news releases, of course, as well as paid advertising. A very effective way to promote our site is to place a small display ad in a targeted trade publication, offering some teaser copy and pointing readers to our URL or an auto-responder e-mail address for more information. This way the site serves as an online brochure, providing full information to interested shoppers day and night. A no-brainer is to make sure that all our companys literature, cards, letterheads, and envelopes carry our website URL. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395906253/wilsoninternetseIf were immersed in the Internet, we may have forgotten that most people still get the majority of their marketing messages through traditional channels. 6. E-mail Publishing The company has to be married to an e-mail publication. The website is the shy partner who passively waits for people to come to him. But the e-mail publication is the bold, active partner who goes out to where people are and invites them to come meet her groom. Together they make a great couple. E-mail : publishing is primarily a way to conserve the people who have shown some interest in the business by coming to zara website or responding to one of the offers. One of the highest priorities of the website MUST be to get the visitor to sign up for the free newsletter or discussion list or updates publication. Offer a variety of inducements ; entry into a contest, a free gift, a free coupon ; whatever it must do to insure a steady stream of subscribers to the newsletter. Once they are subscribers ; if we give them content they enjoy and learn from ; theyll stay with Zara for years, and we can gently build their trust month after month. When theyre ready to make a purchase, the site is at the top of their mind, and theyll probably buy from Zara. With so much SPAM (unsolicited e-mail) abounding, its too easy for recipients to mistake the promotion for just another ad, and unsubscribe forever. Though an occasional promotional e-mail may be okay, the marketing messages in the context of ne ws and helpful information is much more effective, and builds loyalty that can never gain by just bombarding the customers with ads. 7. Networking An extremely important way to promote the website is through networking. Networking isnt quick, but its the basis of relationships that will grow your business through word-of-mouth over the years. 8. Paid advertising It is notice that most of the first seven types of Internet Marketing can be done in-house relatively inexpensively (with the possible exception of search engine positioning). Of course, the company may be able to find a marketing firm to which it can outsource some of these functions, but it can probably do a fine job in-house ; after all, its our business, and staffs are the one who can promote it most effectively. But there comes a point that to get wider exposure, to break into the consciousness of the thousands of people who never haunt it end of the Web, the company may need to resort to paid advertising. Paying high traffic sites or Internet publications to include a graphic or link that will channel large numbers of people to the site. There are several popular forms of paid advertising, with new approaches cropping up all the time: Pricing Strategy as Part of Zara Internet Marketing Plan Pricing Approaches Of course, pricing isnt just scientific. It has a lot to do with your particular niche on the Internet, and how youve determined you can best succeed. Here are some demand-oriented approaches to pricing: Skimming pricing. When offering a new or innovative product it can initially charge a high price, since the early adopters arent very price sensitive. Then lower prices to skim off the next layer of buyers, etc. Eventually, the price will drop as the product matures and competitors offer lower prices. Penetration pricing. Zara have to set a low initial price in order to penetrate quickly into the mass market. A low initial price discourages competitors from entering the market, and is the best approach when many segments of the market are price sensitive. Prestige pricing. Cheap products are not taken seriously by some buyers unless they are priced at a particular level. Demand-backward pricing is sometimes used by manufacturers. First, they determine the price consumers are willing to pay for a product using an approach such as Make Your Price Sell! (http://sales.sitesell.com/myps ) automates. Then they work backward through the standard markups taken by retailers and wholesalers to come up with the price they can charge wholesalers for the product. Bundle pricing is offering two or more products together in a single package price. This can offer savings to both the buyer and to the seller, who saves the cost of marketing both products separately. And the customer is willing to pay more because he perceives that he is getting a lot more, even though the cost to the seller may not really be that much more. Here are some cost-oriented approaches to pricing: Standard mark-up pricing. Typically a manufacturer marks his price up 15% over his costs, a wholesaler 20% over his costs, and a retailer 40% over his costs. The retailer gets a larger markup based on the idea that, since he is closest to the end user, he is required to spend more services and individual attention meeting the buyers needs. Cost-plus pricing adds a small percentage to the retailers costs and cost plus 5% sounds so modest in ads for new cars! Ah! If only it were that simple. 🙂 Experience curve pricing assumes that it costs a company less to produce a product or provide a service over time, since learning will make them more efficient. Then there are competition-oriented approaches to pricing: Above-, at-, or below-market pricing. Certain stores advertise low cost or discount pricing. Others price at the market, while others deliberately price above-the-market at premium prices to attract prestige buyers. Loss-leader pricing works on the basis of losing money on certain very low priced advertised products to get customers in the door who will buy other products at the same time. Flexible-price policies offer the same product to customers at different negotiated prices. for example inditex, give out its product at negotiated prices. Many B2B sales depend on negotiated contracts. 8 Ways to Learn about the Site Visitors According to Dr. Ralph we can learn about our visitors in a number of ways. But before we look at any of them, our main concern has to be the issue of privacy. One of the visitors concerns is the steady erosion of his privacy. 1. Monitor E-Mail Inquiries and Complaints Its vital that the company find a way to monitor e-mail inquiries and complaints from the site visitors. Even if Zara have an employee handle this e-mail for the company, have them print out an extract of key questions and complaints so Zara can keep it finger on the pulse. Dont look at these e-mails as enemy fire; these are the friends wholl help Zara improve it site. When it spot a question occurring again and again, its a sign that it need to deal with it more fully or more visibly on the site. And, it tells Zara whats important to about visitors. 2. Provide Online Questionnaires Zara might want to create an online questionnaire with which it can gather information from the site visitors. After enough people have completed the survey, it will typically download the data file, import it into Microsoft Access or Excel, and conduct an analysis using queries or cross-tabs, and graphing. An increasing number of companies are offering survey services online. 3. Send Out E-Mail Questionnaires The strength of online forms is the ease with which the data can be collected for analysis. The downside is that online forms are essentially passive, they wait until someone comes to them. E-mail questionnaires, on the other hand, are active; the recipient can fill it out and reply without having to open a web browser. But e-mail questionnaires can be more difficult to analyze quickly. A special program must be developed to harvest information from fields delimited by brackets or some other symbol. If the recipient places an answer outside of the brackets, or gives the wrong kind of answer, the survey may have to be discarded or manually scored. E-mail questionnaires, however, may be the survey of choice because of their immediacy and ease in sending. 4. Use Cookies Strategically Another information gathering strategy is to use cookies. Cookies are tiny pieces of information that can be placed on the site visitors web browser for retrieval later. These are widely used to display banners, keep track of shopping carts, remember passwords, track affiliate referrals, etc. Lets say zara want to learn how many of the people who responded to a certain ad actually made a purchase. One way to do this is to create a special webpage URL for the ad. When someone clicks on the ad URL, they come to the special page where JavaScript code places a cookie on their web browser indicating that they came from a certain ad. When a purchase is made in the site ordering system the cookie (if any) is retrieved and a record is made of the source of the sale. 5. Examine Order Files Another way to learn about visitor shopping patterns is to analyze individual order files as well as summaries. Once a visitor places an order or provides an e-mail address, any information collected about that individual can be used to develop a personal profile. 6. Provide Site Personalization Larger company sites are employing database tools that harvest information about visitors by what products they look at or purchase, which banners they click on, etc. Then this data is merged with other databases providing demographic information by ZIP code, etc. to give a customer profile. 7. Study Your Traffic Logs Considerable data about the customers and their surfing habits can be gained from studying the traffic logs for the website. These can tell us how the visitor came to the site, browser used, route used to surf through the website, most popular pages, domain name of visitors, and much more. 8. Employ JavaScript on Your Site In addition to placing cookies, JavaScript can be programmed to harvest information contained in the visitors web browser, such as plug-ins available, the resolution of his computer monitor, operating system used, and version of browser. The information learn from each of these methods can help Zara gain a clearer picture of those visiting it site. Use the data with integrity; adhere to the privacy policy. But use what we learn about our visitors to fine-tune the website sales and revenues, and we will come out ahead. Careful attention to customer data is a major factor in distinguishing successful from unsuccessful sites. Conclusion As a conclusion, the key to successes of this strategy is the internet to see how best I can figure out a consistence marketing plan. The models are based only in empirical example, and this is likely to be a limit on the ability to generalize for such a complex environment. The plan has been able to analyze competition in the digital marketing plan which point out that Zara has been doing well despite some irregularities and little changes that need to be done. Zara has proved strong in the competitive arena of its business activity; due to it unique way of doing things which gave it a competitive advantage. Globalization challenged companies with the proposition of no national and organizational boundaries; some tools like internet were created in this time change and instability for companies, new technologies has been created in a desperate hurry to cover companies requirements. And Zar It comprises the study of different authors perspectives who have contribute in the digital marketing plan or have done a paper work on Zara clothing.

Exposure to Media Violence Essay -- Violence

The relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relationship. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (Huesmann, Eron, Klein, Brice & Fischer (1983). If it was proved that exposure to media violence increased the likelihood of aggressive behaviour, it may force a re-evaluation of what young children are exposed to during early childhood. Research done on the topic of media violence is widespread and variable, with many different approaches and theories. One example of such research focuses on the different effect violent video games have on aggressive behaviours in a controlled laboratory environment to those who are exposed to violence in video games in real life and the effect this has on aggressive traits, such as Ferguson et al. (2008). This experimental design focused on the direct link between viewing violent material in an animated game and then the aggressiveness of the response when told to deliver a loud noise to an opponent that has answered a question in a staged test incorrectly. The chosen participants were volunteers studying at an undergraduate level at university, this sample was 45.5% male and may not be representative of the population as the participants chose to participate and were not selected at random, thus possibly limiting the application of the findings. To prove the hypothesis that; â€Å"Exposure to video game vi... ...rough a search in Google Scholar of keywords â€Å"effect of media violence on aggression† and selected specifically because of the inclusion of other emotions such as fear, and anger, and the inclusion of the written word, rather than visually violent stimuli. 6. Corinne David-Ferdon, Marci Feldman Hertz, (2007) Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages S1-S5, ISSN 1054-139X, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.020.) -This article was located through a Google Scholar search for keywords â€Å"media violence on aggression†. I chose this entry specifically because the research focused on adolescents and how the demographic is being effected not only by media violence, but the ease of which technology is aiding in the exposure of violence from the media, and from uploaded home videos.